Bilateral Filter with Clusters by Expectation Maximization
نویسنده
چکیده
Image restoration keeping sharp edges is achieved by bilateral filter. In this paper, an approach to improve edges for the filter is presented. The proposed algorithm relies on clustering by Expectation Maximization that produced clusters of intensive values. A stage is followed where standard deviation of Gaussian filters for scales of the spatial and intensity are adjusted by features of the clusters. This makes the filters have adaptive levels of smoothing for specific clusters and helps to preserve edges while remove noise. Experiments and evaluation by PSNR metrics indicated the restoration quality enhanced and the efficacy of the proposed adaptive bilateral filter algorithm. Index Terms Image Processing, Bilateral Filter, Expectation Maximization Segmentation, Denoising TABLE I EM CLUSTERS BASED BILATERAL FILTER a. Gaussian noise b. EMBF PSNR=68.43, EM 4 clusters PSNR=70.51
منابع مشابه
Bilateral Filtering with Clusters by Expectation Maximization
Image restoration keeping sharp edges is achieved by bilateral filter. In this paper, an approach to improve edges for the filter is presented. The proposed algorithm relies on clustering by Expectation Maximization that produced clusters of intensive values. A stage is followed where standard deviation of Gaussian filters for scales of the spatial and intensity are adjusted by features of the ...
متن کاملCooperative Investments Induced by Contract Law
This paper revisits the economic analysis of contract law for a setting of cooperative investments. While Che and Chung (1999) have shown that expectation damages perform rather poorly, the present paper argues that this negative result follows from their impicit assumption of unilateral expectation damages. Yet, the very nature of cooperative investments gives rise to the possibility that both...
متن کاملEconomic Consequences for Lawyers: Beyond the Jurisprudential Preface
This article moves from the premise that a bilateral relationship between law and economics requires the contribution of the theory of legal reasoning and argumentation. The article shows that, to be legally relevant, economic consequences have to be incorporated into interpretive arguments. In this regard, the jurisprudential preface strategy proposed by Craswell goes in the right direction, b...
متن کاملA POSTPROCESSING METHOD FOR SPATIALLY VARIANT POINT SPREAD FUNCTION COMPENSATION by
In medical imaging such as Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), the point spread function (PSF) of the system is spatially variant. The current method of compensation is to model the PSF in the iterative reconstruction process of the image itself. However, this can be quite computationally expensive and may require a large amount of time to process on readily available computers ...
متن کاملThe Development of Maximum Likelihood Estimation Approaches for Adaptive Estimation of Free Speed and Critical Density in Vehicle Freeways
The performance of many traffic control strategies depends on how much the traffic flow models have been accurately calibrated. One of the most applicable traffic flow model in traffic control and management is LWR or METANET model. Practically, key parameters in LWR model, including free flow speed and critical density, are parameterized using flow and speed measurements gathered by inductive ...
متن کامل